Topics range from species counterpoint through post-tonal and beyond. See also the Dictionary of Digital Media.
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- Pandiatonic
- Pan-tonal
- Parallel keys
- Parallel motion
- Parody mass
- Passacaglia
- Passamezzo
- Passing six-four
- Passing tone (PT)
- Pavane
- Pedal six-four
- Perfect 4th
- Perfect 5th
- Perfect authentic cadence (PAC)
- Perfect intervals
- Perfect octave
- Perfect unison
- Performance royalties
- Performing right
- Performing rights organization (PRO)
- Period
- Petrushka chord
- Phase music
- Phrase
- Phrase group
- Piano
- Picardy third
- Pitch-centricity
- Pitch class
- Pivot chord modulation
- Pivot tone modulation
- Plagal cadence
- Planing
- Platinum album
- Pointillism
- Points of imitation
- Polychoral
- Polychord
- Polyphony
- Polytonality
- Pop music
- Postminimalism
- Post production
- Pre-chorus
- Prepared piano
- Prime
- Prime form (12-tone row)
- Production
- Programmatic music
- Proportional notation
- Public domain
- Punctum contra punctum